Article #16 on the Passion of Jesus Christ 

“And when they were come unto a place called Golgotha, that is to say, a place of a skull, They gave him vinegar to drink mingled with gall: and when he had tasted thereof, he would not drink.” – Matt. 27:33-34

“And they bring him unto the place Golgotha, which is, being interpreted, The place of a skull. And they gave him to drink wine mingled with myrrh: but he received it not.” - Mark 15:22-23

“For two reasons – because this suffering to the utmost was necessary to the completion of the Atonement, which saves to the utmost, and because this suffering to the utmost was necessary to perfect His Character as ‘a merciful High Priest’ who has to care for souls that have gone to the utmost of miseries themselves –that He might know how to succor them that are tempted.” – C.H. Spurgeon, The Determination of Christ to Suffer for His People

“First, I say it was necessary to make the Atonement complete. I think that if our Savior had drunk this myrrhed cup, the Atonement would not have been valid. It strikes me that if He had drunk this wine mingled with myrrh, He could not have suffered to the extent that was absolutely necessary. We believe Christ did, on the Cross, suffer just enough, and not one particle more than was necessary for the redemption of His people. If, then, this wine cup had taken away a part of His sufferings, the ransom price would not have been fully complete – it would not have been fully paid. And if it had but taken away so much as a grain, the Atonement would not have been sufficiently satisfactory. If a man’s ransom is to be paid, it must be all paid, for though but one single farthing is left unpaid, the man is not fully redeemed and he is not yet totally free. If, then, this drinking of the wine cup had taken out the smallest amount from that fearful price of agony which our Savior paid, the Atonement would have been insufficient only to a degree, but even insufficiency to a degree, however small, would have been enough to have caused perpetual despair, yes, enough to have shut the gates of Heaven against all Believers! The utmost farthing must be paid! Relentless Justice has never yet omitted so much as a fraction of its claim! Nor would it, in this case, have relented in any measure – Christ must pay it all! The wine cup would have prevented His doing that, therefore He would suffer and go the whole length of suffering! He would not stop, but would go through it all.” – C.H. Spurgeon, The Determination of Christ to Suffer for His People  

Article #15 on the Passion of Jesus Christ 

Watching, Seeing, Beholding, & Looking!

“Behold, My Servant shall deal prudently, He shall be exalted and extolled, and be very high. As many were astonied at Thee; His visage was so marred more than any man, and His form more than the sons of men: So shall He sprinkle many nations; the kings shall shut their mouths at Him: for that which had not been told them shall they see; and that which they had not heard shall they consider.” - Isaiah 52:13-15

“And without controversy great is the mystery of godliness: God was manifest in the flesh, justified in the Spirit, seen of angels, preached unto the Gentiles, believed on in the world, received up into glory.” – 1 Tim. 3:16 

“And sitting down they watched him there; And set up over his head his accusation written, THIS IS JESUS THE KING OF THE JEWS.” – Matt. 27:36-37

“And the people stood beholding.” – Lk. 23:35

“And they that passed by reviled him, wagging their heads…” – Matt. 27:39 (Mk. 15:29)

“Let Christ the King of Israel descend now from the Cross, that we may see and believe. And they that were crucified with him reviled him.” - Mark 15:32

“Some of them that stood there, when they heard that, said…” – Matt. 27:47 (Mk. 15:35)

“The rest said, Let be, let us see…” – Matt. 27:49

“Let alone, let us see whether Elias will come to take Him down.” - Mk. 15:36

“Now when the centurion, and they that were with him, watching Jesus, saw…” - Matt. 27:54 (Mk. 15:39, Lk. 23:47)

“And many women were there beholding afar off…” – Matt. 27:55 (Lk. 23:49)

“There were also women looking on afar off…” – Mk. 15:40 

“And all the people that came together to that sight, beholding the things which were done, smote their breasts, and returned.” - Luke 23:48

“Then said Jesus unto them, When ye have lifted up the Son of Man, then shall ye know that I AM he, and that I do nothing of Myself; but as My Father hath taught me, I speak these things. And He that sent Me is with Me: the Father hath not left Me alone; for I do always those things that please Him.” – John 8:28-29 

Article #14 on the Passion of Jesus Christ 

An Expulsion Outside of the City

“Then delivered he Him therefore unto them to be crucified. And they took Jesus, and led Him away. And He bearing His cross went forth into a place called the place of a skull, which is called in the Hebrew Golgotha:” - John 19:16-17

“And after that they had mocked him, they took the robe off from him, and put his own raiment on him, and led him away to crucify him. And as they came out, they found a man of Cyrene, Simon by name: him they compelled to bear his cross.” – Matt. 27:31-32

“And when they had mocked him, they took off the purple from him, and put his own clothes on him, and led him out to crucify him. And they compel one Simon a Cyrenian, who passed by, coming out of the country, the father of Alexander and Rufus, to bear his cross.” – Mk. 15:20-21

“It can be easily concluded that prior to and leading up to the time of the crucifixion, Jesus Christ had undergone significant blood loss through the scourging process, buffeting, and smiting of the people (Matt. 26:67, 27:30, Mk. 15:19, Lk. 22:63-64, Jn. 19:3, Matt. 27:26, Mk. 15:15, Jn. 19:1). His body was likely debilitated by dehydration, extreme exhaustion, stress reactions through the release of stress hormones, low blood pressure, and low blood perfusion due to profuse blood loss. He was likely experiencing deeply excruciating, stabbing, explosive, and electric-like pain due to the opening up of the chest cavity, and wounds inflicted throughout his body and head by the scourging process and smiting on the head and body by His accusers. This is evidenced by the fact that Jesus Christ was unable to carry the cross, weighing up to 60 kg (132 lbs), though he sought to, and thus, Simon of Cyrene was found and made to bear it with him (Bordes (2020), Matt. 27:32, Mk. 15:21, Lk. 23:26, Jn. 19:17).” – Dr. Preethi Morris 

A Dreadful Legal Procession of Spectacular Sorrow

“…Who among us shall dwell with the devouring fire? Who among us shall dwell with everlasting burnings?”  – Isa. 33:14

“For the bodies of those beasts, whose blood is brought into the sanctuary by the High Priest for sin, are burned without the camp. Wherefore Jesus also, that He might sanctify the people with His own blood, suffered without the gate.” – Heb. 13:11-12 (Ex. 29:14, Lev. 4:11-12, 21, 6:30, 8:17, 16:27)

“And he shall bring the bullock unto the door of the tabernacle of the congregation before the LORD; and shall lay his hand upon the bullock's head, and kill the bullock before the LORD. And the priest that is anointed shall take of the bullock's blood, and bring it to the tabernacle of the congregation: And the priest shall dip his finger in the blood, and sprinkle of the blood seven times before the LORD, before the vail of the sanctuary. And the priest shall put some of the blood upon the horns of the altar of sweet incense before the LORD, which is in the tabernacle of the congregation; and shall pour all the blood of the bullock at the bottom of the altar of the burnt offering, which is at the door of the tabernacle of the congregation. And he shall take off from it all the fat of the bullock for the sin offering; the fat that covereth the inwards, and all the fat that is upon the inwards, And the two kidneys, and the fat that is upon them, which is by the flanks, and the caul above the liver, with the kidneys, it shall he take away, As it was taken off from the bullock of the sacrifice of peace offerings: and the priest shall burn them upon the altar of the burnt offering. And the skin of the bullock, and all his flesh, with his head, and with his legs, and his inwards, and his dung, Even the whole bullock shall he carry forth without the camp unto a clean place, where the ashes are poured out, and burn him on the wood with fire: where the ashes are poured out shall he be burnt.”  - Lev. 4:4-12

“The priest then took the bullock, and gathering up all the innards, every part of it, the skin, the dung — all mentioned to teach us what a horrible thing sin is, and what the Surety was looked upon as being when He took our sin — he took it all up, and either himself personally, or assisted by others, took it away out of the camp. We are told that in the wilderness, so large was the camp, that it may have been the distance of four miles that this bullock had to be carried.

I think I see the sad procession — the priest all smeared with blood, carrying the carcass of the bullock, taking it right away down the long line of tents, first through the abodes of one tribe and then of another, through the long streets of tents, while the people stood at their doors and saw the ghastly sight. It was killed at the altar of burnt offering. Why was it not burnt there? That altar was holy, and as soon as ever sin was laid upon the bullock, it ceased to be any longer looked upon as a holy thing. It could not therefore be burnt in the holy place, it must be right taken away. So the priest carried it away — a terrible load — till he reached the usual place where the ashes were kindled, and he put the bullock there, and heaped the hot ashes upon it till the whole smoked up to heaven, and was utterly consumed as a sin offering.” – C.H. Spurgeon, The Sin Offering

“If you have read the order of the burnt offering, you will have noticed that when the bullock of the burnt offering was offered, it was washed, to show the perfection of Christ as He is a sweet savor, all pure and clean, but in this case there is added that humiliating word, “with the dung.” What a humiliating type of Christ! Ah, but what are your sins and mine that were laid upon Jesus? How could our iniquities and transgressions be better set forth than by that bleeding, mangled mass, which the high priest had to carry out away from the camp, as though it were a thing abhorred, which could not be endured in the camp any longer? It is your Savior made sin for you and put away on your behalf.” – C.H. Spurgeon, The Sin Offering

“And as they led him away, they laid hold upon one Simon, a Cyrenian, coming out of the country, and on him they laid the cross, that he might bear it after Jesus. And there followed him a great company of people, and of women, which also bewailed and lamented him. But Jesus turning unto them said, Daughters of Jerusalem, weep not for me, but weep for yourselves, and for your children. For, behold, the days are coming, in the which they shall say, Blessed are the barren, and the wombs that never bare, and the paps which never gave suck. Then shall they begin to say to the mountains, Fall on us; and to the hills, Cover us. For if they do these things in a green tree, what shall be done in the dry? And there were also two other, malefactors, led with him to be put to death.” - Luke 23:26-32

“And after threescore and two weeks shall Messiah be cut off, but not for Himself: and the people of the Prince that shall come shall destroy the city and the sanctuary; and the end thereof shall be with a flood, and unto the end of the war desolations are determined.” – Dan. 9:26

“Hear another parable: There was a certain householder, which planted a vineyard, and hedged it round about, and digged a winepress in it, and built a tower, and let it out to husbandmen, and went into a far country: And when the time of the fruit drew near, he sent his servants to the husbandmen, that they might receive the fruits of it. And the husbandmen took his servants, and beat one, and killed another, and stoned another. Again, he sent other servants more than the first: and they did unto them likewise. But last of all he sent unto them his son, saying, They will reverence my son. But when the husbandmen saw the son, they said among themselves, This is the heir; come, let us kill him, and let us seize on his inheritance. And they caught him, and cast him out of the vineyard, and slew him. When the lord therefore of the vineyard cometh, what will he do unto those husbandmen? They say unto him, He will miserably destroy those wicked men, and will let out his vineyard unto other husbandmen, which shall render him the fruits in their seasons. Jesus saith unto them, Did ye never read in the scriptures, The stone which the builders rejected, the same is become the head of the corner: this is the Lord's doing, and it is marvellous in our eyes? Therefore say I unto you, The kingdom of God shall be taken from you, and given to a nation bringing forth the fruits thereof. And whosoever shall fall on this stone shall be broken: but on whomsoever it shall fall, it will grind him to powder.” – Matt. 21:33-44

Article #13 on the Passion of Jesus Christ 

“Behold the Man!” – John 19:5

“Then Pilate therefore took Jesus, and scourged Him. And the soldiers platted a crown of thorns, and put it on His head, and they put on Him a purple robe, And said, Hail, King of the Jews! and they smote Him with their hands. Pilate therefore went forth again, and saith unto them, Behold, I bring him forth to you, that ye may know that I find no fault in him. Then came Jesus forth, wearing the crown of thorns, and the purple robe. And Pilate saith unto them, Behold the man! When the chief priests therefore and officers saw him, they cried out, saying, Crucify him, crucify him.” – John 19:1-6 

“Behold the Lamb of God, which taketh away the sin of the world.” – John 1:29

“He is despised and rejected of men; a Man of Sorrows, and acquainted with grief: and we hid as it were our faces from Him; He was despised, and we esteemed Him not.” – Isa. 53:3

“But the chief priests and elders persuaded the multitude that they should ask Barabbas, and destroy Jesus. The governor answered and said unto them, Whether of the twain will ye that I release unto you? They said, Barabbas. Pilate saith unto them, What shall I do then with Jesus which is called Christ? They all say unto him, Let him be crucified. And the governor said, Why, what evil hath he done? But they cried out the more, saying, Let him be crucified.” Matt. 27:20-23

“But the chief priests moved the people, that he should rather release Barabbas unto them. And Pilate answered and said again unto them, What will ye then that I shall do unto him whom ye call the King of the Jews? And they cried out again, Crucify him. Then Pilate said unto them, Why, what evil hath he done? And they cried out the more exceedingly, Crucify him.” – Mk. 15:11-14

“And they cried out all at once, saying, Away with this man, and release unto us Barabbas: (Who for a certain sedition made in the city, and for murder, was cast into prison.) Pilate therefore, willing to release Jesus, spake again to them. But they cried, saying, Crucify him, crucify him. And he said unto them the third time, Why, what evil hath he done? I have found no cause of death in him: I will therefore chastise him, and let him go. And they were instant with loud voices, requiring that he might be crucified.” – Lk. 23:18-23

The Condemnation of Rome

“Pilate saith unto them, Take ye him, and crucify him: for I find no fault in him. The Jews answered him, We have a law, and by our law he ought to die, because he made himself the Son of God. When Pilate therefore heard that saying, he was the more afraid; And went again into the judgment hall, and saith unto Jesus, Whence art thou? But Jesus gave him no answer. Then saith Pilate unto him, Speakest thou not unto me? knowest thou not that I have power to crucify thee, and have power to release thee? Jesus answered, Thou couldest have no power at all against me, except it were given thee from above: therefore he that delivered me unto thee hath the greater sin.” – Jn. 19:6-11

“When Pilate saw that he could prevail nothing, but that rather a tumult was made, he took water, and washed his hands before the multitude, saying, I am innocent of the blood of this just person: see ye to it. Then answered all the people, and said, His blood be on us, and on our children. Then released he Barabbas unto them: and when he had scourged Jesus, he delivered him to be crucified.” – Matt. 27:24-26

“And so Pilate, willing to content the people, released Barabbas unto them, and delivered Jesus, when he had scourged him, to be crucified.” – Mk. 15:11-15

“And the voices of them and of the chief priests prevailed. And Pilate gave sentence that it should be as they required. And he released unto them him that for sedition and murder was cast into prison, whom they had desired; but he delivered Jesus to their will.” - Luke 23:23-25

Article #12 on the Passion of Jesus Christ 

“We see in Jesus the Monarch of the realms of misery, the Chief among ten thousand sufferers. Never say, “I am a great sufferer.” What are our griefs compared with His?” – C.H. Spurgeon, The Crown of Thorns

“And the soldiers led Him away into the hall, called Praetorium; and they call together the whole band. And they clothed Him with purple, and platted a crown of thorns, and put it about His head, And began to salute Him, Hail, King of the Jews! And they smote Him on the head with a reed, and did spit upon Him, and bowing their knees worshipped Him. And when they had mocked him, they took off the purple from Him, and put His own clothes on Him…” – Mark 15:16-20

“Then the soldiers of the governor took Jesus into the common hall, and gathered unto Him the whole band of soldiers. And they stripped Him, and put on Him a scarlet robe. And when they had platted a crown of thorns, they put it upon His head, and a reed in His right hand: and they bowed the knee before Him, and mocked Him, saying, Hail, King of the Jews! And they spit upon him, and took the reed, and smote him on the head. And after that they had mocked Him, they took the robe off from Him, and put His own raiment on Him…” – Matt. 27:27-31

“Though myriads of holy angels adored Him, though they would have gladly left their high estate in Heaven to smite His foes and set Him free, He voluntarily subjected Himself to all the ignominy that I have described – and much more which is utterly indescribable – for who knows what things were said and done in that rough guard-room which holy pens could not record, or what foul jests were made, and what obscene remarks were uttered, which were even more shocking to Christ than the filthy spit which ran down His blessed cheeks in that time of shameful mockery? Ah, my Brothers and Sisters, you cannot imagine how low your Lord stooped on your account!” – C.H. Spurgeon, Mocked of the Soldiers

“For dogs have compassed Me: the assembly of the wicked have inclosed Me…” – Ps. 22:16

“Behold, today, the Lily among thorns, Purity, itself, in the midst of opposing sin! See here the Sacrifice caught in the thicket, and held fast there, as a victim in our place to fulfill the ancient type of the ram held by the bushes which Abraham slew instead of Isaac!” – C.H. Spurgeon, The Crown of Thorns

“The crown of thorns is believed to consist of a crown made from a thorny plant such as the “Syrian Christ Thorn” which has sharp closely spaced thorns. This was the crown that was “platted” and put upon the LORD’s head just after He had been scourged (Matt. 27:29, Mk. 15:17, Jn. 19:2). With the platting together of multiple plants, the crown could easily consist of hundreds of thorns based on the few cm. distance between thorns in a typically observed plant.” – Dr. Preethi Morris

“Through repeated beatings and blows to the head, there would be activation of the two major nerves that enervate all of the face and head: the trigeminal nerve, which traverses the face, eyes, nose, mouth, and jaws, and the greater occipital branch which supplies the back of the head. When the trigeminal nerve is irritated significantly, this may trigger a condition known as trigeminal neuralgia, which causes a severe and stabbing pain that is triggered by light touch, light, light wind, talking, eating, etc. The pain is described as unparalleled: spasms of stabbing, lancinating, explosive, and like an electric shock (Zakrzewska (1997)). Trigeminal nerve pain is described by the American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS) as the most excruciating pain known to humanity." - Dr. Preethi Morris 

"Additionally, the wounds inflicted by the thorns would have caused substantial blood loss. According to Gospel accounts the angry mob of people, the whole band of Roman soldiers, took the reed from Christ and repeatedly smote His head. With each blow, it may be estimated that roughly 10 or more thorns could penetrate the scalp before being broken by the pressure with each blow applied--perhaps multiple blows at a time, and one after another (Matt. 27:30, Mk. 15:19, Jn. 19:3).” – Dr. Preethi Morris 

“He who sees Jesus crowned with thorns will loathe to look on self, except it be through tears of contrition. This thorn at the breast will make men sing, but not with notes of self-congratulation – the notes will be those of a dove moaning for her mate.” – C.H. Spurgeon, The Crown of Thorns

“Where I see the great Substitute for sinners put to such shame, scorn and ridicule, my heart says to itself, ‘See what sin deserves?’ There is nothing in the world that more richly deserves to be despised, abhorred, condemned, than sin! If we look at it aright, we shall see that it is the most abominable thing, the most shameful thing in the whole universe. Of all the things that ever were, this is the thing which most of all deserves to be loathed and spurned. It is not a thing of God’s creating, remember – it is an abortion – a phantom of the night which plucked a host of angels from their thrones in Heaven, drove our first parents out of Paradise and brought upon us unnumbered miseries.” – C.H. Spurgeon, Mocked of the Soldiers

“They had scourged Him till probably there was no part of His body which was not bleeding beneath their blows – except His head – and now that head must be made to suffer, too. Alas, our whole head was sick and our whole heart faint – and so He must be made, in His chastisement, like unto us in our transgression. There was no part of our humanity without sin – and there must be no part of His humanity without suffering. If we had escaped, in some measure, from iniquity, so might He have escaped from pain. But as we had worn the foul garment of transgression and it covered us from head to foot, even so must He wear the garments of shame and derision from the crown of His head, even to the sole of His feet” – C.H. Spurgeon, The Crown of Thorns 

“For when we were yet without strength, in due time Christ died for the ungodly. For scarcely for a righteous man will one die: yet peradventure for a good man some would even dare to die. But God commendeth his love toward us, in that, while we were yet sinners, Christ died for us.” – Romans 5:6-8

“O head so full of bruises!
Brow that its lifeblood loses!
Oh great humility.
Upon His face are falling
Indignities most galling!
He bears them all for me.”

Article #11 on the Passion of Jesus Christ 

“Behold, we go up to Jerusalem; and the Son of man shall be betrayed unto the chief priests and unto the scribes, and they shall condemn him to death, And shall deliver him to the Gentiles to mock, and to scourge, and to crucify him: and the third day he shall rise again.” – Matt. 20:18-19

“Behold, we go up to Jerusalem, and all things that are written by the prophets concerning the Son of man shall be accomplished. For he shall be delivered unto the Gentiles, and shall be mocked, and spitefully entreated, and spitted on: And they shall scourge him, and put him to death: and the third day he shall rise again.” - Luke 18:31-33

“…And they shall mock him, and shall scourge him, and shall spit upon him, and shall kill him: and the third day he shall rise again.” - Mark 10:33-34

“In the time of Christ’s earthly life, a greatly feared practice in Rome was the scourging of political insurgents and other types of criminals and rebels. The scourge itself, also known as a flagrum, or flagellum, was a whip with leather thongs containing small metal balls and/or sharp animal bone fragments (Maslen (2006)). The individual would be stripped bare, and whipped on the back, buttocks, legs, and sometimes on his front. In the Roman Law, there was no limit to the number of floggings, but in the Jewish Law there was a limiting to 39 lashes. Lashes were given in an arc like pattern by one or a few soldiers, and with periodic shifting of position." - Dr. Preethi Morris 

​"The damage done through the scourging process took place over the sequence of repeated blows, each one tearing away at skin, tissue, nerves, and blood vessels on the backside, and in measures reaching to the front of the subject depending on the position of flagellation. The metal balls, often comprised of lead, would inflict deep contusions (bruises), and the leather and bone fragments would cut first into the skin and subcutaneous tissue (Edwards (1986)). After skin laceration and bruising took place through the initial blows, capillaries and veins of the skin would be broken. With subsequent blows, debilitating damage would be incurred which may include rib fracture, bruising or puncture of the lung (pneumothorax), puncture of visceral organs such as the liver and spleen, and bleeding in the chest cavity. Eusebius of Caesarea said, “For they say that the bystanders were struck with amazement when they saw them lacerated with scourges even to the innermost veins and arteries, so that the hidden inward parts of the body, both their bowels and their members, were exposed to view” (Ecclesiastical History, Book 4, chap. 15)." - Dr. Preethi Morris 

"​Profuse bleeding would often occur as large blood vessels, or even arteries, were punctured and began to hemorrhage. If sharp bony fragments were 1 centimeter long and the flagrum was swung with force by a Roman soldier, within 10 blows, depending on the impact, the blood vessels and inner organ systems could be easily exposed. The coronary arteries which traverse the back of the heart could easily be exposed by the blunt force of blows upon a back exposed a few centimeters deep. Deep flagellations, when the flesh had already been penetrated a few centimeters deep, reaching around the arms and neck could easily reach the radial, brachial, subclavian, and carotid arteries. Femoral and iliac arteries are also a few centimeters deep and could be reached with deepening lacerations on the legs and back. Victims were noted to vomit periodically, experience tremors, seizures, profuse sweating, and at times undergo hypovolemic shock through loss of blood and the diaphoresis of exhaustion. (Davis, 1997)" - Dr. Preethi Morris 

"The process was intended to greatly weaken its subject through severe wounding and bleeding. It is reported that subjects of scourging at times underwent syncope, or suddenly died of vasovagal cardiac arrest (Retief (2003)). When blood loss through arterial rupture was profound, the subject would likely undergo hypovolemic shock. Scourging is considered by historians as a normal practice prior to crucifixions (Habermas (2021), Nicolaides (2019), Snedecor (1973)). According to Gospel accounts, Jesus Christ was scourged prior to the release of the criminal Barabbas by Pilate just prior to his crucifixion (Matt. 27:26, Mk. 15:15, Jn. 19:1).” – Dr. Preethi Morris 

“Christian martyrs in Smyrna were so torn by the scourges that their veins were laid bare, and the inner muscles, sinews, even entrails, were exposed.” (Westminster Dictionary of the Bible page 538)

“…others were scourged till their sinews and veins lay bare, and after suffering the most excruciating tortures that could be devised, they were destroyed by the most terrible deaths.” (Foxe’s Book of Martyrs) 

“Jesus answered, Thou couldest have no power at all against Me, except it were given thee from above…” - John 19:11

“I gave My back to the smiters, and My cheeks to them that plucked off the hair: I hid not My face from shame and spitting.” – Isa. 50:6 (Mk. 10:34) 

“…I will smite the Shepherd, and the sheep of the flock shall be scattered abroad.” – Matt. 26:31 (Mk. 14:27, Jn. 8:28-29, 16:32; Zech. 13:7)

“But He was wounded for our transgressions, He was bruised for our iniquities: the chastisement of our peace was upon Him; and with His stripes we are healed.” – Isa. 53:5 (1 Pet. 2:24; see Lk. 23:16, 22)

“Yet it pleased the LORD to bruise Him; [Jehovah] hath put [Christ] to grief: when Thou shalt make His soul an offering for sin…” – Isa. 53:10

“Sooner than He would tarnish His Justice, He bound His only-begotten Son to the pillar and scourged and bruised Him! Sooner than sin should go unpunished, He put that sin upon Christ and punished Him – oh, how tremendously and with what terrific strokes! Christ can tell you, but probably if He did tell you, you could not understand all that God thinks about sin, for God hates it, loathes it and must and will punish it! And upon His Son He laid a tremendous, incomprehensible weight, till the griefs of the dying Redeemer utterly surpassed all our imagination or comprehension!” – C.H. Spurgeon, Christ Made Sin

“Every sin that we have ever committed made a gory furrow upon His precious back! Those black and blue bruises that alternate upon His sacred shoulders were caused by the cruel scourging to which each of us contributed our share by our transgressions.” – C.H. Spurgeon, Majesty in Misery 

“Who His own self bare our sins in His own body on the Tree, that we, being dead to sins, should live unto righteousness: by whose stripes ye were healed.” – 1 Pet. 2:24

“And I say unto you My friends, Be not afraid of them that kill the body, and after that have no more that they can do. But I will forewarn you whom ye shall fear: Fear Him, which after He hath killed hath power to cast into Hell; yea, I say unto you, Fear Him.” – Luke 12:4-5

“And fear not them which kill the body, but are not able to kill the soul: but rather fear Him which is able to destroy both soul and body in Hell.” – Matt. 10:28

“In His body there were the wounds, and the fever which the wounds produced. And in His soul there was an exceeding heaviness even unto death, and an agony which no tongue can tell, for we have no words in which to speak of it. We believe that this agony was commensurate with the agonies of the lost in Hell. Not the same agony, but an equivalent for it. And remember, not the equivalent for the agony of one, but an equivalent for the Hells of all that innumerable host whose sins He bore – condensed into one black draught to be drained in a few hours. The miseries of an eternity without end, miseries caused by a God infinitely angry because of an awful rebellion – and these miseries multiplied by the millions for whom the Man Christ Jesus stood as Covenant Head. What a draught was that, men and Brethren! Well might it stagger even Him!” – C.H. Spurgeon, Christ – Perfect Through Sufferings 

“Behold the Lamb of God, which taketh away the sin of the world.” – John 1:29

“Verily, verily, I say unto you, The hour is coming, and now is, when the dead shall hear the voice of the Son of God: and they that hear shall live.” - John 5:25

“As many were astonied at Thee; His visage was so marred more than any man, and His form more than the sons of men:” – Isa. 52:14

Jehovah lifted up His scourge,
O Christ, it fell on Thee!
Thou wast sore smitten of Thy God;
There’s not one stroke for me.
Thy tears, Thy blood, beneath it flowed;
Thy bruising healeth me.
 
The tempest’s awful voice was heard,
O Christ, it broke on Thee!
Thy open bosom was my ward,
It braved the storm for me.
Thy form was scarred, Thy visage marred;
Now cloudless peace for me. 

“For I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered unto you, That the Lord Jesus the same night in which he was betrayed took bread: And when he had given thanks, he brake it, and said, Take, eat: this is My body, which is broken for you: this do in remembrance of Me.” – 1 Cor. 11:23-24

Article #11 on the Passion of Jesus Christ 

“And the same day Pilate and Herod were made friends together: for before they were at enmity between themselves.” – Lk. 23:12 

“And Pilate, when he had called together the chief priests and the rulers and the people, Said unto them, Ye have brought this man unto me, as one that perverteth the people: and, behold, I, having examined him before you, have found no fault in this man touching those things whereof ye accuse him: No, nor yet Herod: for I sent you to him; and, lo, nothing worthy of death is done unto him. I will therefore chastise him, and release him.” – Lk. 23:13-16

“Now at that feast he released unto them one prisoner, whomsoever they desired. And there was one named Barabbas, which lay bound with them that had made insurrection with him, who had committed murder in the insurrection. And the multitude crying aloud began to desire him to do as he had ever done unto them. But Pilate answered them, saying, Will ye that I release unto you the King of the Jews? For he knew that the chief priests had delivered him for envy.” – Mk. 15:6-10

“Now at that feast the governor was wont to release unto the people a prisoner, whom they would. And they had then a notable prisoner, called Barabbas. Therefore when they were gathered together, Pilate said unto them, Whom will ye that I release unto you? Barabbas, or Jesus which is called Christ? For he knew that for envy they had delivered him. When he was set down on the judgment seat, his wife sent unto him, saying, Have thou nothing to do with that just man: for I have suffered many things this day in a dream because of him.” – Matt. 27:15-19

“Then Pilate entered into the judgment hall again, and called Jesus, and said unto him, Art thou the King of the Jews? Jesus answered him, Sayest thou this thing of thyself, or did others tell it thee of me? Pilate answered, Am I a Jew? Thine own nation and the chief priests have delivered thee unto me: what hast thou done? Jesus answered, My Kingdom is not of this world: if My Kingdom were of this world, then would My servants fight, that I should not be delivered to the Jews: but now is My Kingdom not from hence. Pilate therefore said unto him, Art thou a King then? Jesus answered, Thou sayest that I am a King. To this end was I born, and for this cause came I into the world, that I should bear witness unto the truth. Every one that is of the truth heareth My voice. Pilate saith unto him, What is truth? And when he had said this, he went out again unto the Jews, and saith unto them, I find in him no fault at all.” - John 18:33-38

“It was a good confession for the Nazarene, clothed in the common smock frock of a Galilean peasant, with gory sweat still upon His brow, with the ropes that bound Him still about His wrists, with the howling savagery of His countrymen behind Him, to say to Pilate, ‘I am a King.’” – C.H. Spurgeon, The King in Pilate’s Hall

“But ye have a custom, that I should release unto you one at the passover: will ye therefore that I release unto you the King of the Jews? Then cried they all again, saying, Not this man, but Barabbas. Now Barabbas was a robber. Then Pilate therefore took Jesus, and scourged him.” - John 18:39-19:1

Article #9 on the Passion of Jesus Christ 

“The God of Abraham, and of Isaac, and of Jacob, the God of our fathers, hath glorified his Son Jesus; whom ye delivered up, and denied him in the presence of Pilate, when he was determined to let him go. But ye denied the Holy One and the Just, and desired a murderer to be granted unto you; And killed the Prince of life, whom God hath raised from the dead; whereof we are witnesses.” - Acts 3:13-15 

“And the whole multitude of them arose, and led him unto Pilate.” – Lk. 23:1

“Pilate then went out unto them, and said, What accusation bring ye against this man? They answered and said unto him, If he were not a malefactor, we would not have delivered him up unto thee.” – Jn. 18:29-30

“And they began to accuse him, saying, We found this fellow perverting the nation, and forbidding to give tribute to Caesar, saying that he himself is Christ a King.” – Lk. 23:2

“And Jesus stood before the governor: and the governor asked him, saying, Art thou the King of the Jews? And Jesus said unto him, Thou sayest. And when he was accused of the chief priests and elders, he answered nothing. Then said Pilate unto him, Hearest thou not how many things they witness against thee? And he answered him to never a word; insomuch that the governor marvelled greatly.” – Matt. 27:11-14

“And Pilate asked him, Art thou the King of the Jews? And he answering said unto him, Thou sayest it. And the chief priests accused him of many things: but he answered nothing. And Pilate asked him again, saying, Answerest thou nothing? behold how many things they witness against thee. But Jesus yet answered nothing; so that Pilate marvelled.” – Mark 15:2-5

“He was oppressed, and He was afflicted, yet He opened not His mouth: He is brought as a Lamb to the slaughter, and as a sheep before her shearers is dumb, so He openeth not His mouth.” – Isa. 53:7

“He was in the world, and the world was made by Him, and the world knew Him not.” – Jn. 1:12

“Then said Pilate to the chief priests and to the people, I find no fault in this man. And they were the more fierce, saying, He stirreth up the people, teaching throughout all Jewry, beginning from Galilee to this place. When Pilate heard of Galilee, he asked whether the man were a Galilaean. And as soon as he knew that he belonged unto Herod's jurisdiction, he sent him to Herod, who himself also was at Jerusalem at that time.” - Luke 23:4-7

King Herod, The Edomite (the Son of “Herod the Great”)

“And when Herod saw Jesus, he was exceeding glad: for he was desirous to see him of a long season, because he had heard many things of him; and he hoped to have seen some miracle done by him. Then he questioned with him in many words; but he answered him nothing. And the chief priests and scribes stood and vehemently accused him. And Herod with his men of war set him at nought, and mocked him, and arrayed him in a gorgeous robe, and sent him again to Pilate.” – Luke 23:8-11

Article #8 on the Passion of Jesus Christ 

“Then the band and the captain and officers of the Jews took Jesus, and bound him, And led him away to Annas first; for he was father in law to Caiaphas, which was the high priest that same year. Now Caiaphas was he, which gave counsel to the Jews, that it was expedient that one man should die for the people.” - John 18:12-14
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“Alone and singlehanded, our great Champion entered the arena, and won the victory for us.” – C.H. Spurgeon, Our Lord’s Substitution

“Behold, we go up to Jerusalem; and the Son of man shall be betrayed unto the Chief Priests and unto the Scribes, and they shall condemn him to death, And shall deliver him to the Gentiles to mock, and to scourge, and to crucify him: and the third day he shall rise again.” – Matt. 20:18-19

“For what the law could not do, in that it was weak through the flesh, God sending his own Son in the likeness of sinful flesh, and for sin, condemned sin in the flesh:” – Rom. 8:3

“Him, being delivered by the determinate counsel and foreknowledge of God, ye have taken, and by wicked hands have crucified and slain:” - Acts 2:23

“Then gathered the chief priests and the Pharisees a council, and said, What do we? for this man doeth many miracles. If we let him thus alone, all men will believe on him: and the Romans shall come and take away both our place and nation. And one of them, named Caiaphas, being the high priest that same year, said unto them, Ye know nothing at all, Nor consider that it is expedient for us, that one man should die for the people, and that the whole nation perish not. And this spake he not of himself: but being high priest that year, he prophesied that Jesus should die for that nation; And not for that nation only, but that also he should gather together in one the children of God that were scattered abroad. Then from that day forth they took counsel together for to put him to death.” - John 11:47-53

“In Him was life; and the life was the light of men. And the light shineth in darkness; and the darkness comprehended it not.” - John 1:4-5

“Seest thou a man wise in his own conceit? there is more hope of a fool than of him.” – Prov. 26:12

“And he said also to the people, When ye see a cloud rise out of the west, straightway ye say, There cometh a shower; and so it is. And when ye see the south wind blow, ye say, There will be heat; and it cometh to pass. Ye hypocrites, ye can discern the face of the sky and of the earth; but how is it that ye do not discern this time? Yea, and why even of yourselves judge ye not what is right?” - Luke 12:54-57

“Then those men, when they had seen the miracle that Jesus did, said, This is of a truth that prophet that should come into the world. When Jesus therefore perceived that they would come and take Him by force, to make Him a King, He departed again into a mountain Himself alone.” - John 6:14-15

“Much people of the Jews therefore knew that he was there: and they came not for Jesus' sake only, but that they might see Lazarus also, whom he had raised from the dead. But the chief priests consulted that they might put Lazarus also to death; Because that by reason of him many of the Jews went away, and believed on Jesus.” - John 12:9-11

“The Pharisees therefore said among themselves, Perceive ye how ye prevail nothing? behold, the world is gone after him.” - John 12:19

“He was taken from prison and from judgment” – Isa. 53:8 (“humiliation” – Acts 8:33)

“…and He was numbered with the transgressors; and He bare the sin of many, and made intercession for the transgressors” – Isa. 53:12 

“Those men held Jesus in order that neither death nor Hell might ever be able to hold us. He was held in our place, so He says concerning us, as He said concerning His disciples in the garden, “If, therefore, you seek Me, let these go their way.” The great Substitute is held as a prisoner so that all for whom He stood as Surety might be set at liberty forever!” – C.H. Spurgeon, Majesty in Misery

​“…the officers which stood by struck Jesus with the palm of his hand” – John 18:22

“A wicked doer giveth heed to false lips; and a liar giveth ear to a naughty tongue.” – Prov. 17:4

“And why was Jesus blasphemed by the “many other things” which they falsely laid to His charge? He was blasphemed that we might be justified! He was unrighteously accused and slandered in order that we might be able to boldly say, ‘Who shall lay anything to the charge of God’s elect? It is God that justifies. Who is he that condemns? It is Christ that died.’” – C.H. Spurgeon, Majesty in Misery 

“And the High Priest arose, and said unto him, Answerest thou nothing? what is it which these witness against thee? But Jesus held his peace.” – Matt. 26:62-63a

The multitude attending the court procession would have stood and listened in silent admiration (Matt. 7:28-29, 9:8, 26, 31, 33), the common people present would have believed on Jesus (Mk. 12:37, Matt. 12:23), the Pharisees, Lawyers, and Scribes would have been unable to give an answer in return to Jesus Christ (Matt. 22:46, Mk. 12:34, Lk. 20:40), and the soldiers who were standing guard in the courtroom would have removed the shackles from the Lord, saying, “Never a man spake like this Man” (John 7:46). 

“Then entered Satan into Judas…” – Luke 22:3

“And after the sop Satan entered into him. Then said Jesus unto him, That thou doest, do quickly.” – Jn. 13:27 

“…And the High Priest answered and said unto him, I adjure thee by the living God, that thou tell us whether thou be the Christ, the Son of God. Jesus saith unto him, Thou hast said: nevertheless I say unto you, Hereafter shall ye see the Son of man sitting on the right hand of power, and coming in the clouds of heaven. Then the high priest rent his clothes, saying, He hath spoken blasphemy; what further need have we of witnesses? behold, now ye have heard his blasphemy. What think ye? They answered and said, He is guilty of death. Then did they spit in his face, and buffeted him; and others smote him with the palms of their hands, Saying, Prophesy unto us, thou Christ, Who is he that smote thee?” – Matt. 26:63-68

“Yet it is amazing that He should ever have permitted this indignity to be put upon Him. The spouse in the Canticles truly sings, “His eyes are as the eyes of doves by the rivers of waters, washed with milk, and fitly set” – exceeding the very stars of Heaven for brightness – yet they covered them over! His eyes flamed with love and in them there did gleam bright diamonds of pity for all the sorrows of mankind – yet those cruel men did hide those precious eyes of His, blindfolding the Christ of God!” – C.H. Spurgeon, Majesty in Misery

“He shall not strive, nor cry; neither shall any man hear His voice in the streets. A bruised reed shall He not break, a smoking flax shall He not quench, till He send forth judgment unto victory. And in His Name shall the Gentiles trust.”- Matt. 12:19-21 (Isa. 42:2-4) 

Article #7 on the Passion of Jesus Christ

“And while he yet spake, behold a multitude, and he that was called Judas, one of the twelve, went before them, and drew near unto Jesus to kiss him. But Jesus said unto him, Judas, betrayest thou the Son of man with a kiss?” – Luke 22:47-48

“Then Jesus said unto the chief priests, and captains of the temple, and the elders, which were come to him, Be ye come out, as against a thief, with swords and staves? When I was daily with you in the temple, ye stretched forth no hands against me: but this is your hour, and the power of darkness.” - Luke 22:52-53

“Then saith Jesus unto them, All ye shall be offended because of me this night: for it is written, I will smite the Shepherd, and the sheep of the flock shall be scattered abroad.” – Matt. 26:31 (Zech. 13:6-7)

“All we like sheep have gone astray; we have turned every one to his own way; and the LORD hath laid on him the iniquity of us all.” – Isa. 53:6

“And one shall say unto him, What are these wounds in thine hands? Then he shall answer, Those with which I was wounded in the house of my friends. Awake, O sword, against My Shepherd, and against the man that is My Fellow, saith the LORD of hosts: smite the Shepherd, and the sheep shall be scattered: and I will turn mine hand upon the little ones.” – Zech. 13:6-7

“For I say unto you, that this that is written must yet be accomplished in Me, And he was reckoned among the transgressors: for the things concerning Me have an end.” - Luke 22:37

“Therefore will I divide Him a portion with the great, and He shall divide the spoil with the strong; because He hath poured out His soul unto death: and he was numbered with the transgressors; and He bare the sin of many, and made intercession for the transgressors.” – Isa. 53:12

“He [Isaiah] looks beyond the Roman spear and nail, beyond the Jewish taunt and jeer, up to the Sacred Fount, from where all things flow and traces the crucifixion of Christ to the breast of Deity. He believes with Peter– ‘Him, being delivered by the determinate counsel and foreknowledge of God, you have taken and by wicked hands have crucified and slain.’ We dare not impute to God the sin, but at the same time the fact, with all its marvelous effects in the world’s redemption, we must ever trace to the Sacred Fountain of Divine love. So does our Prophet. He says, ‘It pleased Jehovah to bruise Him.’ He overlooks both Pilate and Herod and traces it to the heavenly Father, the first Person in the Divine Trinity. ‘It pleased the Lord to bruise Him; He has put Him to grief.’” – C.H. Spurgeon, The Death of Christ 

“Who hath believed our report? And to whom is the Arm of the LORD revealed?” – Isa. 53:1

“What saith Isaiah? “The LORD has laid on him the iniquity of us all.” If you carefully read through that fifty-third chapter of Isaiah, you will notice that, several times, in so many distinct words, the sin of Christ’s people is said to have been transferred to Him, and borne by Him.” – C.H. Spurgeon, Our Lord’s Substitution